Visiting Rwanda for the first time on safari holidays? Make sure to include Lake Kivu, one of Rwanda’s lakes in Africa, on your bucket list!
It is situated in western Rwanda, shares borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the lake’s waters lie within the Albertine Rift, a region of significant volcanic activity. The lake is positioned at an altitude of 1,460 meters (4,790 feet) above sea level in Africa’s Great Rift Valley.
Lake Kivu spans 2,370 km² with a shoreline of 860 km, measuring 97 km long and 48 km wide. Its average depth is 240 m, with a maximum depth of 485 m, and a lake water volume of 500 km³.The waters of Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which ultimately flows southwards into Lake Tanganyika.
As one of the nation’s great lakes is also an important site for biodiversity as it supports a diverse array of aquatic life, including several endemic species, four species of barbs, six species of mammals, five species of amphibians, six species of reptiles and various natural resources.
Additionally, the lake’s region is characterized and surrounded by lush broad leaved evergreen forests and woodlands, providing a habitat for various species, including the endangered marsh mongoose, water birds, rhinoceros viper, and forest cobra, all listed on the IUCN Red List.
The lake plays a significant role in the local economy as it is a significant source of renewable energy, with methane extraction providing valuable natural resources and also acts as the largest local source of fish for the thriving fishing industry provides livelihoods for many local communities who catch fish fauna like the Lake Tanganyika sardine, barbs, etc.
Tourism is also a major contributor, with visitors drawn to the lake’s scenic beauty and lake’s water quality, water sports (swimming, canoeing, water skiing, and kayaking at the lakeshore), and nearby attractions.
The nearby Congo Nile Trail also offers opportunities for mountain biking and hiking. Additionally, visitors can explore nearby islands, such as Nyamirundi Island, to learn about coffee and banana plantations.
Despite facing threats from pollution, sedimentation, and climate change, Lake Kivu remains a vital natural resource, providing economic benefits, supporting rich biodiversity, and offering stunning scenery, making it a unique and valuable treasure worth preserving.
Here is a detailed description of L. Kivu!
It lies in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift, and is characterized by significant volcanic activity.
Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which later flows south into Lake Tanganyika and spans 2,370 km² with a lakeshore of 860 km, measuring 97 km long and 48 km wide, with an average depth of 240 m, maximum depth of 485 m, and a lake water volume of 500 km³ above sea level.
The lake is connected to Lake Tanganyika via the Ruzizi River and has undergone significant changes due to volcanic activities, which blocked its outlet to the White Nile around 13,000-9,000 years ago.
Today, L. Kivu is known for its unique features, including limnic eruptions and methane deposits, which pose a potential threat to the surrounding densely populated towns.
It is a freshwater lake situated in the Albertine Rift, a western branch of the East African Rift System (EARS). The lake’s unique chemistry and geological features are a result of its location in a zone of extensional tectonic activity.
1) Structure and Formation
The Kivu Lake consists of two deep basins with a half-graben structure and several smaller basins separated by lacustrine sediments.
The lake basin is thought to have been created by a combination of faulting and volcanic subsidence around 10,000-15,000 years ago.
2) Unique Geological Features
Lake Kivu has several unique geological features, including:
3) Tectonic Setting
The Albertine Rift, where Lake Kivu is situated, is a zone of extensional tectonic activity, where the African plate is being pulled apart.
This process has led to the formation of numerous faults, fissures, and volcanic features in the region.
Approximately 58% of Lake Kivu’s total surface area, spanning 1,370 square kilometers, falls within the Democratic Republic of Congo’s borders.
The lake bed sits on the Great Rift Valley floor, a region experiencing ongoing tectonic activity, resulting in significant volcanic activity in the area.
Some of the historical facts about Lake Kivu in Rwanda are:
1) Geological History
The rifting and faulting process in the Albertine Rift began around 20-15 million years ago and has continued to shape the lake’s basin and surrounding landscape.
The lake’s sediments exhibit a 1.5 km thick wedge that dates back around 1.5 million years.
Historically, L. Kivu flowed northward into the White Nile, but around 10,000-13,000 years ago, volcanic eruptions blocked its outlet, diverting its waters southward.
The resulting volcanic mountains, including the Virungas, separated L. Kivu from Lake Edward.
As a result, Lake Kivu’s waters flowed down the Ruzizi River, causing Lake Tanganyika’s water level to rise, eventually overflowing into the Lukuga River.
2) Pre-Colonial Period
For centuries, various ethnic groups, including the Shi, Havu, and Tutsi people, have inhabited the lake. These communities relied on the lake for fishing, agriculture, and trade.
3) Colonial Period (1885-1962)
Gustav Adolf von Götzen, a German colonial officer, is credited as the first European to discover Lake Kivu in 1894.
During the colonial era, the lake was a major transportation route for European colonizers, who exploited the lake’s natural resources for economic gain.
The lake’s shoreline was also dotted with colonial-era settlements and plantations.
4) Post-Colonial Period (1962-present)
After independence, the lake’s natural resources continued to be exploited, leading to environmental degradation and social conflicts.
In the 1990s, the lake was affected by the Rwandan genocide of 1994 and the subsequent refugee crisis.
Today, the L. Kivu region is characterized by exceptionally high population densities and population growth rates, with approximately 2 million people inhabiting the lake basin.
While the population density is relatively lower on the DRC side (89 people/km²), Rwanda has the highest population densities (350 people/km²), with corresponding higher population growth rates of 3.5% per year compared to 2.5% in DRC.
The region faces significant development challenges, including limited access to clean water and sanitation, leading to rising incidents of water-borne illnesses like cholera, particularly in DRC.
Furthermore, the HIV prevalence in the Kivu region is alarmingly higher than national averages in both Rwanda and DRC.
Despite all these challenges like changes in climate, pollution, and overfishing etc., the lake offers opportunities for sustainable development, tourism, and regional cooperation.
The lake is an important economic contributor to the nation because of its natural resources and importances i.e.;
1) Methane Extraction
Prior to 2004, small scale gas extraction from L. Kivu supplied fuel and run boilers at Bralirwa breweries in Gisenyi, Rwanda.
Today, L. Kivu contains approximately 55 billion m3 of dissolved biogas, which is being extracted to generate electricity. The Rwandan government has partnered with companies like Contour Global and Symbion Power to develop large-scale methane extraction projects.
These projects aim to generate up to 101 MW of electricity, increasing Rwanda’s energy generation capability by up to 20 times. The extraction process is cost-effective and relatively simple, but must be done safely to avoid harming human health, biodiversity, and the climate.
2) Fishing
The lake is home to 28 fish fauna, including 15 endemic cichlids, and supports a diverse array of flora and fauna. The lake’s fishery is a vital source of income and protein for local communities, with the introduced Lake Tanganyika sardine being the main catch.
The lake’s ecosystem is sensitive, and the introduction of non-native species has altered the plankton community structure. Conservation efforts are necessary to protect the lake’s biodiversity and ensure sustainable fishing practices.
Some of the astounding facts about this Kivu Lake are:
Kivu Lake is surrounded by several charming towns, each with its unique character and attractions in both central and East Africa.
Here are some of the most popular ones:
A popular tourist large town on the northern edge of Lake Kivu in Rwanda is known for its beautiful colonial beach resort, vibrant nightlife, and colonial-era architecture, especially the fading old mansions, trendy bars, etc. on the lake shores. It is home to the famous Imbabazi Orphanage, founded by American Rosamund Halsey Carr and is a perfect spot to relax after a gorilla trekking safari considering its proximity to Volcanoes National Park.
A scenic town south of Rubavu surrounded by hills and lined with eucalyptus trees offering stunning views of the shores of Lake Kivu. It’s famous for its sunset views, migratory birds (yellow-billed kites) in August, boat trips to nearby surrounded islands (Napoleon Island, Amahoro Island), and the Karongi Genocide Memorial Church.
A small town in Rwanda situated on the southern border of Kivu Lake with the DRC. It’s the closest town to Nyungwe National Park and offers boat rides to the nearby islands of Gihaya and Nkombo. It is a perfect starting point for birding tours.
Additionally, considering that Lake Kivu extends to DR Congo, these towns in DRC are also notable:
These offer a range of activities, including boat cruises, fishing, and visiting cultural attractions as one relaxes and enjoys the stunning scenery of the lake.
The management and governance of Lake Kivu involve a complex institutional framework, with various national and regional institutions playing a role. These include:
A regional organization responsible for coordinating the management and development of the lake’s natural resources.
Responsible for managing Rwanda’s water and forestry resources, including Lake Kivu.
Responsible for managing the DRC’s environmental resources, including L. Kivu.
Districts and municipalities surrounding the lake are responsible for implementing management decisions and ensuring community involvement.
Key Management Challenges Include:
| Water quality management | Fisheries management | Environmental conservation |
| Climate change adaptation | Community engagement and participation | Transboundary management between Rwandan side and the DRC side |
| Limited financial resources | Capacity building for local communities, governments, and institutions | Balancing economic development and environmental conservation |
To address these challenges, projects such as the Decentralization and Environmental Management Project (DEMP) have been implemented to protect and restore the lake shores and river banks.
However, more efforts are needed to ensure the sustainable management of the lake’s natural resources.
Some of the most outstanding attractions found at Lake Kivu are:
Lake Kivu’s fish fauna is relatively limited, with 28 described species, including the newly introduced four species.
The native five species include various types of barbs, catfish, tilapia, shrimps, and cichlids.
The introduced species include the Lake Tanganyika sardine, which has become a crucial part of the lake’s ecosystem and economy.
The lake is also home to various other aquatics, including freshwater crabs, with two endemic species found only in the lake.
The lake’s unique ecosystem and biodiversity are supported by its complex geological history, which includes the formation of a “proto-lake Kivu” that existed before the current lake.
These hot springs can reach temperatures of up to 40°C (104°F) and are rich in minerals like sulfur, calcium, and magnesium, believed to have therapeutic properties.
Examples include Kivu Hot Springs and Bugarama Hot Springs in Rwanda and Kamembe Hot Springs on the Democratic Republic of Congo side.
These are popular spots for relaxation, rejuvenation, and taking in the stunning views of the lake.
These islands support a range of activities, including hiking, birdwatching, and swimming, as well as opportunities to experience local culture and cuisine.
The lake has several beautiful beaches like:
These offer a range of activities, including swimming, sunbathing, water sports, and fishing, as well as opportunities to experience local cuisine.
The lake is home to several bird species, such as:
| Waterbirds
· African Fish Eagle · Grey Heron · Purple Heron
| Songbirds
· Rwenzori Turaco · Red-winged Starling · Village Indigobird.
|
| Raptors
· Lanner Falcon · Augur Buzzard · Montagu’s Harrier
| Other Birds
· Hadada Ibis · Sacred Ibis · African Jacana.
|
It is a birdwatcher’s paradise, hosting a diverse range of bird species apart from these listed above due to its varied habitats.
Some of the aquatic animals calling this Rwanda Lake Kivu home include hippopotamuses that inhabit the lake’s shallow waters, crocodiles in the deep waters, especially in the Rusizi River delta, and several species of otters, among other aquatic life.
These aquatic animals are crucial to the lake’s ecosystem, supporting local livelihoods and attracting tourists.
Other Attractions:
1) Imbabazi Orphanage: A historic children’s orphanage founded by Rosamund Halsey Carr, offering insight into the region’s history.
2) Karongi Genocide Memorial Church: A memorial church honoring the victims of the 1994 Rwanda genocide.
3) Local Markets: Visit local markets in towns like Gisenyi, Kibuye, and Cyangugu to experience the local culture and buy crafts.
4) Gisenyi Waterfront: A bustling waterfront area with shops, restaurants, and bars.
5) Lake Kivu Museum: A museum showcasing the lake’s history, geology, and cultural significance.
6) Waterfalls: Several waterfalls, such as the Rusizi Waterfall, a breathtaking waterfall situated on the Rusizi River, which flows into the lake.
7) Congo Nile Trail: A 4-day hiking adventure along Lake Kivu’s eastern shore, showcasing breathtaking views and rich cultural heritage.
Please note that the lake offers something for everyone, from relaxation and cultural experiences to adventure and outdoor activities.
Some of the fun-filled activities you can partake in while on Rwanda safaris at the lake in Africa are:
| Water Activities
Boat cruises, kayaking, canoeing, swimming, fishing, hot spring visits, and water sports like jet skiing and wakeboarding | Land Activities
Hiking, cycling, birdwatching, local village tours, and rock climbing.
|
| Cultural Activities
Local market visits, traditional dance and folk music performances, and community-based tourism.
| Relaxation and Leisure
Beach relaxation, sunset viewing, and spa and wellness programs.
|
| Agro-Tourism
Visit tea and coffee farms, and experience local agricultural and farming practices.
| Congo Nile Trail Hikes
A 4-day hike along the lake’s eastern shore, offering stunning views and cultural experiences |
Contact us now, our reputable tour operators, to customize your safari package with the best activities.
Other Famous Rwanda Lakes Include:
Others are Lake Mugesera, Lake Rweru, and Lake Cyohoha South, each with its unique charm and attractions.
These lakes provide a range of activities, including boating, fishing, and hiking, making them a must-visit for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
Other Nearby Places to visit for a memorable Rwanda safari
After your gorilla trekking adventure or other exciting activities, consider visiting these nearby attractions and places like:
Discover the hidden gems of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo on your next safari vacation!
Some of the guidelines you need to understand before going to explore Rwanda Lake Kivu are;
By following these rules and guidelines, you can help ensure a safe, enjoyable, and responsible safari experience exploring the lake.
While visiting the lake is free of charge, there exist some fees for those intending to partake in some activities and stay longer near Lake Kivu for longer tours, i.e.
1) Accommodation:
Visitors to Lake Kivu can choose from various accommodation options, including budget-friendly hostels and guesthouses for $10-$30 per night, mid-range hotels and lodges for $50-$100 per night, and luxury high-end hotels and resorts for $200-$500 per night.
2) Food and Drink:
When it comes to dining at the lake, visitors can expect to pay between $5 and $10 for local meals, $15 and $30 for mid-range restaurant meals, and $30 and $50 for fine dining experiences. Additionally, drinks typically range from $2 to $5 per serving.
3) Activities and Tours:
Visitors to the lake can enjoy various activities and tours, including boat cruises priced at $50-$100 per person, kayaking for $20-$50 per person, hiking and trekking for $30-$70 per person, fishing for $50-$100 per person, and guided tours also costing $50-$100 per person.
4) Transportation:
Getting around Lake Kivu is convenient, with transportation options including taxi rides costing $5-$10 per ride, motorbike rentals available for $20-$50 per day, car rentals priced at $50-$100 per day, and shuttle services offered for $10-$30 per person.
5) Other Costs:
In addition to the main expenses, visitors to the lake should also budget for other costs, including visa fees ranging from $30-$50 per person, travel insurance costing $20-$50 per person, and miscellaneous expenses such as souvenirs and tips, which can total $100-$200 per person.
Please note that these pricing estimates are subject to change and may vary depending on individual preferences and exchange rates so consult a reputable tour company for the best deals.
Visitors to Lake Kivu in Rwanda have a range of accommodation options to suit their budgets and preferences situated in various towns. These are:
1) Lake Kivu Serena Hotel
For a luxurious experience, consider this 5-star hotel situated in Gisenyi, offering elegant rooms with private balconies, a fitness center, and a beautiful private beach. Prices start from around $200-$500 per night.
Guests can enjoy stunning views of the lake, relax by the pool, and indulge in local and international cuisine at the hotel’s restaurant.
2) One&Only Nyungwe House
This is a 5-star luxury resort in Rwanda’s Nyungwe Forest National Park, offering 22 luxurious rooms and suites with breathtaking forest views.
The resort features luxurious amenities, including a spa, pool, and gourmet restaurant, as well as guided activities like hiking and birdwatching.
With a focus on sustainability and conservation, rates start from around $1,000-$2,000 per night.
3) Rushel Kivu Lodge in Kayove
For a more budget-friendly option, consider this lodge that offers elegant rooms, a restaurant, and a private beach at an affordable price of around $50-$100 per night. The lodge is an excellent option for those seeking a comfortable and relaxing stay without exceeding their budget.
4) Kivu Lodge
This is a midrange lodge situated on a private peninsula, offering comfortable cottages, an outdoor swimming pool, and a restaurant serving local and international cuisine, with prices starting from around $100-$200 per night.
5) Hill View Lake Kivu Hotel in Gisenyi
This offers standard rooms, suites, and apartments with free Wi-Fi, flat-screen TVs, and en-suite bathrooms, with prices starting from around $80-$150 per night.
Other notable mentions include:
Booking these in advance, especially during the peak season, is highly encouraged.
Situated in the Albertine Rift, bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, Lake Kivu is a stunning travel destination. Here’s how to get there:
1) By Road
Access Lake Kivu from Kigali city via a well-tarmacked road, taking approximately 3 hours. Alternatively, use the towns of Gisenyi, Kibuye, or Cyangugu as entry points.
2) By Air
To reach Lake Kivu by air, fly to Kigali International Airport (KGL) in Rwanda, then take a domestic flight to Kamembe Airport (KME) near Cyangugu, Rwanda. From Kamembe Airport, you can take a taxi or shuttle to your final destination on the lake.
3) By Boat
Take a scenic ferry ride from Gisenyi, Rwanda, and enjoy stunning views of Lake Kivu. From Gisenyi, you can also explore the lake further by taking a boat tour or renting a boat.
Important Notes:
Consult a travel agent or reputable tour operator for personalized and up-to-date travel advice.
The best time to visit Lake Kivu in Rwanda is during the dry season, from June to September, when temperatures are comfortable, averaging 23°C (73°F), and rainfall is minimal.
This period is ideal for water sports, swimming, kayaking, and boat cruises. Alternatively, the shoulder season (April to May and September to November) is suitable for hiking and trekking, with mild temperatures and fewer crowds.
The rainy season (December to March) is best avoided for outdoor activities but is ideal for birdwatching.
Temperatures can fluctuate, with daytime highs reaching up to 27°C (81°F) in the warmest months (August to October).
When visiting Lake Kivu, pack wisely to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable trip. Here’s what to carry:
Remember to dress modestly when visiting local communities or markets and check the weather forecast before your trip to adjust your packing list accordingly.
Please consider some of these personal essential’s when going to Kivu Lake in Rwanda, i.e.,
| Travel documents (passport, visa, etc.) | Plane ticket and hotel reservation |
| Travel insurance | Driver’s license (if planning to rent a car) |
| Credit cards and cash (USD and local currency, i.e. Rwandan Francs) | Beach towel |
| Sunscreen and lip balm with SPF | Snorkeling gear (if applicable) |
| Life jacket (if participating in water sports) | Prescription medication and any necessary documents |
| First-aid kit (with essentials like band-aids, antiseptic wipes, and pain relievers) | Insect repellent |
| Contact lenses and solution (optional) | Feminine hygiene products (if applicable) |
| Smartphone and portable charger | Camera and charger (if applicable) |
| Power bank for extra battery life | Universal power adapter for Rwanda |
| Waterproof phone case or bag | Reusable drinking water bottle |
| Travel-size umbrella | Earplugs and eye mask (if you’re a light sleeper) |
| Guidebook or map of Lake Kivu | Snacks (especially if you have specific dietary needs or preferences) |
With these, you can enjoy your time at Lake Kivu!
Lake Kivu is situated in the western part of Rwanda, as well as in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It lies along the border of these two countries.
The lake is sometimes referred to as “Killer Lake” due to its unique characteristics that make it potentially deadly.
The lake contains high concentrations of dissolved gases, including methane and carbon dioxide, which can be released suddenly, posing a threat to humans and animals.
Lake Kivu is considered dangerous for several reasons:
Rwanda has 23+ great lakes, with Lake Kivu being the most well-known and largest lake in Rwanda. Other notable lakes in Rwanda include Lake Muhazi, Lake Ruhondo, and Lake Burera.
Contact our team of professionals to tailor your safari package to the beautiful Lake Kivu in Rwanda. Don’t miss out on the fun!
Cate
Samuel
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